Regular readers of this blog — yes, both of you — will know that I recently published a piece called “Can a Game Know Its Own Rules?” It was — and I say this as the person who wrote it — very long. I am told it has been read by dozens of people, some of whom finished it. This post is shorter. Think of it as the highlight reel.
Here is the highlight: on March 10, Bam Adebayo of the Miami Heat scored 83 points against the Washington Wizards, breaking Kobe Bryant’s modern record and finishing second all-time only to Wilt Chamberlain’s 100. It was extraordinary. It was also, depending on who you ask, not entirely basketball.
With the Heat up by 25 and two minutes left, Adebayo had 77 points. His teammates began intentionally fouling the Wizards — in a game they were winning by 25 — to extend possessions and get Bam the ball back. Then, with 1:25 remaining, Heat forward Keshad Johnson was fouled and deliberately missed his second free throw off the front of the rim to give Adebayo a putback opportunity. (Ed: And you wonder why I stopped watching games with you.)
None of this violated a written rule. All of it, critics argued, violated the game.
Robert Horry said it needed an asterisk. Pat Riley called the criticism bullshit. ESPN had takes. The takes had takes. And underneath all of it was a question that, as it happens, I recently spent approximately 4,800 words on: what does a rulebook do when the thing it needs to prohibit is an intention?
The rules can tell you what a foul is. They cannot tell you that a player was trying to make a free throw. They can penalize intentional fouls — the Hack-a-Shaq rules exist precisely because this problem has come up before — but they cannot penalize a player for missing a free throw on purpose, because “on purpose” is not a category the rulebook contains. To enforce it, you’d need a rule about intent, and to enforce that, you’d need a referee who can read minds, and to enforce that, you’ve left the game entirely and entered a different one.
This is what I called — at considerable length, in the previous post — the penalty ceiling problem. Any finite rule system has a flat region at the top where the marginal cost of escalation drops to zero, because the rules run out before the actions do. You can add new rules to cover new actions, but those rules create new strategic possibilities, and the gap simply migrates. You can’t build a complete rulebook. A game cannot certify, from within, that all of its rules are self-enforcing — not because rule-writers are careless, but because this is a theorem.
What happened in the fourth quarter against the Wizards isn’t a scandal. It’s an existence proof.
The critics are right that something was violated. They’re just wrong about what. The game’s written rules were followed scrupulously — no technical fouls, no ejections, nothing. What was violated was an unwritten norm: that you should be trying in the directions the game assumes you’re trying in. Trying to make free throws. Trying to defend rather than foul. Trying, in some general sense, to play basketball rather than to play with basketball.
But “respect the game” is not in the rulebook. It can’t be in the rulebook — because the rulebook can only govern actions, not orientations. The moment you write a rule against trying to miss, you’ve created an incentive to claim you weren’t trying to miss, and now you need a rule governing false claims of not trying to miss, and now you need to think about Belichick’s injury reports, and now you’re back in my previous post, and I promised this one would be short.
So: was it a legitimate record? I think this is actually the wrong question. The better question is whether a record set under conditions the record-keepers never envisioned should count as the same kind of record as one set under normal competitive play. Wilt’s 100 was chaotic and semi-staged in its own ways. Kobe’s 81 was not. Bam’s 83 sits somewhere in between — genuinely extraordinary through three and a half quarters, and then something else entirely in the final minutes. The rulebook cannot make that distinction. We’re going to have to.
Or, as a supercomputer once concluded after running every possible scenario: a strange game. The only winning move is not to play.
(I said this post would be short. I didn’t say it would have a different ending.)
And, with that, I leave you with this.